中考英语图示作文写作指导

【摘要】英语写作是学生语言输出的一种高级形式，涉及到学生的思维和表达能力，可以细化到内容和风格技巧。“一篇好的文章应该内容完整、层次分明、语言流畅、句型多变。”（简称为全、层、流、变。）

　　【关键词】内容完整 层次分明 语言流畅 句型多变
　　
　　初三英语老师在指导学生写作时，可将学生分为三个层次来指导
　　一、何为‘全’与‘层’
　　‘全’为内容要点完整，无遗漏。‘层’即为文章要有层次，根据不同的内容进行分段。以2010年扬州中考试题为例：你将代表学校参加扬州市中学生英语演讲比赛，演讲的题目是Learning to get along with our parents。请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容要点如下：
　　要求：1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
　　2）必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥；
　　3）词数：100词左右（演讲稿的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；
　　4）不得使用真实姓名和校名等。
　　例案一：
　　Good morning， ladies and gentlemen. Today my topic is learning to get along with my parents. ⑴These days， most of us feel it is hard to get along with my parents. As a result， we often argue with them. Sometimes， we even don’t talk with them for several days. ⑵The cause of condition is that our parents pay too much attention to our marks we got. They make us spend too much time studying，and we don’t have time for our hobbies. These make us unhappy. ⑶There are different ways to solve these problems. First， we can communicate with our parents. Second， we can tell them our own thoughts. I think if we are willing to share our worries. They’ll understand us. ⑷That’s all for our speech. Thank you.
　　首先，文章要点不全。措施要写三点，而文章只写两点，少写一点。第二，文章无分层次，没有分段。应在划线的四处分别进行分段来写，使文章有层次感。
　　如果一般的学生在写作时能注意到这两点，哪怕文中有少量的错误，也不会有太多失分的。
　　二、‘流’――文章流畅，注意细节
　　要达到这一要求，必须要把初一初二的基础抓牢，那么这一层次写作的提升才具有可行性。
　　例案二：
　　Good morning， ladies and gentlemen. Today my topic is learning to get along with my parents. These days， most of us feel it is hard to get along with my parents. We even don’t talk with them for several days. Many children have different reasons.
　　First， parents pay too much attention to our marks. That will make us stressed. Second， we don’t have the same idea with our parents， so we may argue with them.
　　However，⑴we can talk with them.and patient try to understand them. We must know what they do is good for us. If we are willing to share our worries. They’ll understand us.
　　I hope the advice will be of great value to you.
　　That’s all for our speech. Thank you.
　　这篇文章要点全、有分段。只是在流畅程度上还有所欠缺。在⑴处应该加一个主题句There are some ways to deal with them. 来作为本段的主题句。而且，划线的句子含义表达不够明确。最好修改为：However， There are some ways to deal with them. We can talk with them. We should be patient enough to try to understand them. 这样，文章就要比上一篇好得多，分数也就上去了。
　　三、句式多变，灵活表达
　　句式多变其实就是以前的句型转换，让学生用不同的短语、句型去改写原句。例如：在学习牛津初中英语9A Unit1中，我们写人的品质会写到“他乐于助人”，He is helpful.（s+v+p），可以用He often helps others.（s+v+o），还可以用He is so helpful that everyone likes him.这样的复合句来表达。切勿用同一种句式。 再如：以翻译“他能说英语和法语”这个句子为例。除了He can speak both English and French.还可以写为： 　　1）He can speak not only English but also French.
　　2）He can speak English， as well French.
　　3）He can speak English as well as French.
　　4）Besides English he can speak French.
　　这样可以引导学生思维的广阔性，获得更多迁移的练习和经验。通过这样的思维活动所理解的知识最具有迁移的价值。在上面的例案二中，学生用到了：
　　We must know what they do is good for us. If we are willing to share our worries. They’ll understand us.
　　I hope the advice will be of great value to you.
　　这几句他用到了宾语从句、主语从句、条件状语从句，句式已经有了很大的变化。除了句式变换在词的选择上也该有自己独特的方式。美文欣赏，例案三：
　　Good morning， ladies and gentlemen. Today my topic is Learning to get along with our parents.
　　These days， most of us feel it is hard to get along with our parents. We easily get angry for no reason and even don’t talk to them for days.
　　I think the causes are as follows. First， our parents only care about our marks and it makes us stressed. Second， we are unwilling to communicate with them.
　　It’s time for us to change. First， we can communicate with them， by sharing our joys and worries with them. Then， we can help do some housework to show our love for them. Finally， we should achieve a balance between our schoolwork and hobbies so that they won’t feel worried about us.
　　That’s all for my speech. Thank you ！
　　从这篇文章中我们可以看出，不但要点全、有层次（除了分段外，还用了First、Second、Then、Finally这样的副词来分层），而且文笔流畅，无错误，词句多变。每段的开头都用了主题句来说明本段的内容。这样的文章才会在中考数以万计的文章中脱颖而出，取得高分。
　　四、结语
　　一篇好的文章光靠讲解是没法提高的，一定要讲练结合。在平时的写作训练中，英语老师应该围绕教材中的单元话题来拟定题目，按照全、层、流、变的要求来批阅学生的作文，让学生进行二次写作。只有这样长期训练下去，我们学生的作文水平才会得到真正提高。
　　参考文献：
　　[1]马存凤 “初中英语写作方法指导” 《中小学英语教学与研究》2012年第一期
　　[2]顾敏亚 “高中英语主体写作教学的实践” 《中小学英语教学与研究》2012年第一期